Allergy v intolerance?

People often confuse the terms 'food allergy' and 'food intolerance' as the same condition. In fact the differences are vast. Food intolerances will not trigger a life-threatening immunological response, but may trigger symptoms such as migraines, bloating or skin rashes, and in some cases can worsen the effects of conditions such as asthma, eczema or migraines. A food allergy, however, is an abnormal response to a food that is triggered by the immune system and is far more serious in nature.

According to the Food Standards Agency a food allergy is an abnormal response to a food mediated by the immune system. The food allergen is seen as 'foreign' by the immune system and initiates an immune response and the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE). IgE binds to mast cells in the mouth, nose and gut and causes the release of histamine which is responsible for inflammation and the other symptoms of allergic reaction. True food allergies, such as wheat allergy, often produce quite violent reactions, from swelling of the lips and tongue (oedema) or a red rash to, in extreme cases, fatal anaphylaxis Additional symptoms can include asthma and urticaria (hives). Reactions tend to be quick with only small amounts of the allergen required. A simple blood test can detect the presence of IgE.